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By Christopher D. Haveman

At its top the Creek country comprised a suite of multiethnic cities and villages stretching throughout huge elements of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. by means of the 1830s, although, the Creeks had misplaced just about all this territory via treaties and by means of the unchecked intrusion of white settlers who illegally expropriated local soil. With the Jackson management unwilling to help the Creeks in elimination the squatters, the Creek humans suffered from dispossession, hunger, and indebtedness. among the 1825 Treaty of Indian Springs and the compelled migrations starting in 1836, approximately twenty-three thousand Creek Indians have been relocated—voluntarily or involuntarily—to Indian Territory. Rivers of Sand fills a considerable hole in scholarship by means of shooting, for the 1st time, the total breadth and intensity of the Creeks’ collective tragedy in the course of the marches westward, at the Creek domestic entrance, and through the 1st years of resettlement.
 

Unlike the Cherokee path of Tears, which was once carried out mostly on the finish of a bayonet, such a lot Creeks have been got rid of via a mixture of coercion and negotiation. Hopelessly outnumbered army group of workers have been compelled to make concessions so one can achieve the compliance of the headmen and their humans. Christopher D. Haveman’s meticulous research makes use of formerly unexamined records to weave narratives of resistance and survival, making Rivers of Sand an important addition to the ethnohistory of yankee Indian removal.

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Rivers of Sand: Creek Indian Emigration, Relocation, and Ethnic Cleansing in the American South (Indians of the Southeast) by Christopher D. Haveman


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Zakiya Young Library > American History 1 > Rivers of Sand: Creek Indian Emigration, Relocation, and - download pdf or read online
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